Louver for slant roofs



Nov. 3, 1942.

F. H. LESLIE LOUVERS FOR SLANT ROOFS Filed March 28, 1940 54 INVENTOR.

Wedarzd Him-Z46, BY

ATTORNEY.

,ceived general public acceptance.

Patented Nov. 3, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,300,842 LOUVER FOR sLANraooFs Freeland H. Leslie, Chicago, 111. Application March 28, 1940, Serial No. 326,369

14 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in louvers for slant roofs and to an improved mounting of a slant roof louver with the peak of such a roof.

The desirability'of ventilating air pockets beneath roofs is well recognized and where a vertical wall constitutes one of the limits of suzh an air pocket, it has been common practice to cut an opening in this wall and mount a plurality of sloping slats thereacross to permit the passage of air but to keep out rain and snow. Many modifications in both metal and wood of this type of vertical wall ventilator are available on the market. However, the wall in which such a ventilator is mounted usually narrows to a point due to the converging of sloping roofs so that if the opening is to be rectangular or square it can not be located at the very top of the vertical wall. The result i that no circulationof air in the upper part of the air pocket will occur and in s mmer the temperature beneath the per; wher, the hot air collects rises to very high points. I

Moreover, many styles of home building call for attics formed entirely by sloping or pitch roofs having no dormer-windows or other vents. No vertical wall exists in these structures and hence the vertical wallventilator can not be used. Here again the desirability of a louver which may be placed in'a slant roof and properly shed water has been recognized, but no such louver has re- This is believed to be attributable firstly to the failure of the prior art to offer a slant roof louver which will not clash with the contours of the roof, and l secondly to the failure of the prior art to develop a small louver for mounting close to the peak of the roof.

The first object of this invention is to provide a louver for a slant roof of a size such that it may be mounted close to the peak of the roof in order that it may ventilate the entire air space beneath the roof. This object is attained by taking advantage of the fact that the standard roof construction of today comprises two by six inch rafters on fourteen or sixteen inch centers overlaid by one by six or eight inch boards at right angles to the rafters and sometimes spaced an inch or two apart, with a layer of tar paper and a shingle top, One of the features of applicants invention is the provision of a slant roof louver having an inside opening of seven or eight inches by ten to twelve inches whereby it is possible to cut one of the transverse roof boards between two rafters and form a hole having ap- 5 practice makes it possible to mount the louver quickly in a new roof as well as to reduce to a minimum the amount of cutting that has to be done in an erected roof.

A further object of this invention is to provide means for carrying water shed by the roof louver to a point below the upper edges of the next lower shingles in order to protect these edge from dripping water. One of the features of this invention is the provision of a metallic drip cap positioned beneath the edge of the louver roof so as to receive all water dropped therefrom and to carry the water to a point on the surface of lower shingles. This drip cap is oilset from the peripheral flashing of the louver in such a fashion that the shingles may be inserted beneath it with the result that the upper edges of the shingles are kept dry and not exposed to the damaging effect of dripping.

A further object of this invention is to provide a roof louver having a roof sloped at an angle such that the roof of the louver will shed water when mounted on a majority of pitched house roofs. One of the features 01' this invention is the positioning of the louver roof at an angle of thirty degrees with respect to the plane of the peripheral flashing whereby the louver roof will have a slope when mounted on any roof having a pitch in excess of thirty degrees. Applicants louver may be described as a universal slant roof louver for the pitch of most slant roofs is not less than thirty degrees with the horizontal.

Another object of this invention is to provide a slant roof louver which will be inconspicuous from the outside of the house and will harmonize with general rooi' lines. The ordinary house roof gives the impression of horizontal lines due largely to the horizontal shingle lines. Slant roof louvers designed heretofore frequently have been large atliairs, sometimes approaching the size of small dormers, and they have had curved lines which would clash with the general house lines. One of the features of applicants roof relationship by means of spot welds.

louver is the fact that it projects above a roof less than five inches and presents a screened opening which is only two inches in height. By using a plurality of these roof louvers, any size roof may be properly ventilated.

Another object of this invention is to provide a roof louver formed of a plurality of parts which may be shaped on a conventional machine shop brake and assembled into a simple straight line roof louver. In working toward this object, the applicant has provided seven members: two side walls with integral flanges therewith to act as part of a peripheral flashing for assembling the louver with the roof, a cover member, an interior baflle, an additional roof support and two additional strips to complete the peripheral flashing, all of which pieces are shaped and flanged so that they may be held in assembled Moreover, these pieces are assembled in overlapping relationship at those points of ioinder of parts where in normal use of the ventilator one part will occupy a higher position than an adjoining part in order to prevent natural drainage from causing water to penetrate beneath the louver. This overlapping arrangement of parts has the further advantage of reducing the number of places where it is necessary to solder the joints in order to prevent leakage.

A further object of this invention is to provide a bailie positioned inside of the outside opening of the louver and so shaped as to return water toward the outside opening even when the water is blown inwardly as in a driving rain.

A further object of this invention is to provide a simple damper which may be closed in winter-time to prevent the entry of cold air into the attic.

These and such other objects of my invention are obtained by an embodiment of the invention which may be seen in the drawing, comprising one sheet, wherein:

Figure 1 is a view of the roof louver mounted near the peak of a roof Figure 2 is a cross section of the louver taken on the lines 22 of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a view partly in section and partly in elevation taken on the lines 3-4 of Figure 2; and

Figure 4 is a sectional view taken on the lines H of Figure 3.

Continuing to refer to the drawing, the particular embodiment of applicant's invention shown comprises two side walls in and I2, a roof I l, a combined bathe ii and drip cap 82, a reinforcing member l8, strip members 2| and 22, and a damper 24. Referring to Figures 1 and 3, it will be observed that the side walls I! and i2 are formed integral with flanges 2i and 28 which, with the strips 20 and 22, form a continuous or peripheral flashing around the louver. The upper edge of the side walls Ill and i 2 are cut to the shape shown in Figure 2, and the roof it is bent to conform to the upper edges of the side walls I and I2 to form plane surfaces and 32. It will be appreciated that this break- Zng of the upper edge of the side walls I and i2 into straight lines and this provision of the plane surfaces 30 and 32 are not essential to the broad aspects of this particular type roof louver, but they do make it possible to cut the flanges 24, 36 and 38 at 48 and 42 while the roof is flat so that upon bending neat joinder of edges at 4B and 42 may be effected. This broken straight line construction of the side Wal s and,

roof is superior to curving the side walls from the peak H, see Figure 2, to the vertical wall carrying the screen because under the latter construction it would be diflicult to shape the flange, if continuous, or to cut it so as to form neat joints. Moreover, as may be appreciated by looking at Figure 1, the side walls 10 and I2 and the plane surfaces 30 and 22 of the roof l4 constitute those parts of the roof louver which are most visible from the outside of the house. By utilizing straight lines and keeping the peak 44 under five inches, a very neat louver having lines harmonious with almost any type of roof construction and in harmony with the shingle lines is provided. The roof I4 is attached to the side walls in and I2 by any suitable means such as spot welds 46.

Completing the description of the side walls It and i2, the forward vertical edge, referring to Figure 2, of each carries an inwardly directed flange 48 for the purpose of providing a supporting wall for screws 50 and 52 which hold the screen unit 54 in assembled relationship with the louver. v

Examining now the upper portion of the louver and particularly the strip 2L, it will be observed that the strip 20 overlaps the flange 26 at ll. see Figure 1. Referring now to Figure 2 the roof I4 has an extension 53 which has the same cross dimension as the extent of the overlap of strip 20 over the flange 28 at 56 in Figure 1. In short. the edge of the projecting portion 58 of the roof H meets the edge of the flange 28 at M as shown by the dotted lines in Figure l. The strip 20 is aflixed to the flanges 2i and 28 and the projecting portion 58 of the roof ll by means of spot welding and in order to assure a water proof joint, solder is flowed into the crevices.

In Figure 2 may be seen a drip cap 82 being ofl'set at 84 so as to permit the insertion of shingles between itself and the strip 22. This drip cap extends inside the louver as the bafiie I which carries the flanges 66, indicated in Figure 2, by means of which the baii'ie "together with the drip cap 62 is fastened by suitable means such as spot welds to the inner side of walls II and 12. The strip 22 is positioned beneath the flanges 2E, 28 and the baffle 16 so that the latter overlap the strip 22 by a substantial distance. The joints here may or may not be soldered. Referring to Figure 1, the peripheral flashing formed by the members 20, 22, 26 and 22 rests upon tar paper 88 and the shingle such as 10. while shingles 12 and 14 are inserted between the strip 22 and the drip cap 22 so that drainage from the metal onto the shingles and not beneath them will be assured.

The screen member 54 comprises a conventional piece of screen 16 having its upper and side edges reinforced by U-shaped strips of metal 18 which are suitably perforated to pass screws 50 and 52 which hold the screen BE in assembled relationship with the roof louver.

In order to provide a means for preventing a flow of air in either direction through the louver, a damper 24 is provided. Referring to Figures 2 and 3, this damper comprises a rectangular sheet of metal and is positioned between channel members and 82 which are spot welded to the vertical wall of the baffle IS. The damper 2 is held in position against the force of gravity by frictional engagement of the channel members Ill and 82 therewith, as indicated in Figure 4.

Describing now the method of assembling this roof louver, the various elements are cut to size which has been aflixed the channel members 80 and 82, see Figure 3, is next positioned so that the drip cap occupies the position shown in Figures l and 2 and is secured by spot welding the inside flanges 66 to the side walls l and I2. The lower strip 22 is next added and this is followed by the positioning of the damper 24 and the screen 54. The louver is then dipped in paint and packaged for shipment.

Having described one embodiment of this invention, attention is now drawn to a few of the features of the invention. As may be seen in Figure 2, applicants slant roof louver comprises essentially a duct having a baille therein for the purpose of establishing an air passageway from one side of the louver to the other side of the louver but under such circumstances that snow and rain will not pass from the outside to the inside. In providing such a duct the rectanguiar cross section thereof has been maintained throughout although the actual area of the cross section varies somewhat. This rectangular cross section results from the straight line construction of the roof louver H and is beneficial in that it provides'a passageway from the broad opening 84 on the interior of the louver to the external opening covered by the screen member 64 of equal width but much less height. By this construction curved surfaces are completely eliminated, a very desirable feature from the construction standpoint in structures wherein the air duct is not straight. Additionally, .the exact construction of the baille, which carries flanges in the embodiment shown in the drawing, and the method of assembling the baffle to the louver is not deemed important on the broadidea of providing a bent rectangular cross sectional duct from the interior of the louver to the outside rectangular opening covered by the screen 54, although the particular baiile shown is excccd lngly useful from an assembly standpoint.

The drip cap 62 need not be formed integral with the baifle l6 for its function is to divert all water dropping from the surface 32 of the roof I to a point above the shingles and it is quite apparent that this drip cap could be separately formed and individually attached to the flashing or strip 22 beneath the surface 32.

This slant roof louver may be easily mounted in a roof during construction or it may be placed in an erected roof with little difficulty. In the case of new construction, referring to Figure l, rafters such as 66 on fourteen or sixteen inch centers support cross boards, 68, 90 and the like. -At a point between two rafters close to the peak 82 of the roof, an opening will be left as by cutting the cross board 88 at 94 and at the edge of the next rafter beyond not shown. The conventional strips of tar paper 66 and 98 are next laid and a suitable hole will be cut as along the dotted line 91 in the strip 96. The opening ll of the louver will be positioned over this opening in the roof and if possible, the flanges 26 and 26 will be positioned directly above the rafters such as 66 so that nails, as I00, may be driven through the flanges 26 and 28 cf the flashing into the rafters. Shingles are now applied in the conventional manner, care being taken to insert the upper edges of the shingles 12 and 14, see Figure l, beneath the drip cap 62 while the lowermost shingle I0 is placed beneath the lower edge of the strip 22 of the louver. The shingles are lapped over the flanges 26 and 28 with the result that the louver being sloped downwardly in conjunction with the overlapping of each of its members will form a water-tight passageway between the attic and the exterior.

The method of assembling this roof louver in an erected roof is quite similar to the method described above. In this situation, a suitable portion of the roof is cleared of shingles and after two rafters have been located, a hole is cut in the tar paper and a similar hole is cut through the cross board, it being necessary usually to out only one board. The louver is positioned and the shingles returned to place as described heretofore.

Another feature of applicants invention is the angle a, see Figure 2, formed between the roof member l4 and the plane of the peripheral flashing of the louver. This angle is adopted in order to make it possible for the roof member H to drain, that is for this roof l4 to slope when mounted on a slant roof. It is apparent from inspecting Figure 1 that the slant of the roof there shown exceeds thirty degrees for the roof member I of the louver has a downward slope and will shed water.

The baflle l6 has its upper edge flanged downwardly and when the louver is mounted in a sloping roof is at a substantially higher level than the top of the front opening covered by the screen 64. The reason for this is that it is essential that the roof louver not admit water above the baffle I6 no matter how severe the conditions. Sometimes driving rain' storms are very severe, but experiment has demonstrated that this baffle will stop the water and cause it to drain back downwardly over the drip cap 62.

In the claims that follow, the phrase a flat frame refers to the peripheral flashing formed from the members 20, 22 and 26, see Figure 1. This frame may be fabricated from a single sheet of metal or from several sheets. The term hood is used to refer to the entire housing, including the side walls l0 and i2 and roof H, see Figure 1 of the drawing. Also, it will be noted that the members 36 and 32, together constituting a sort .of visor over the outlet opening, are in reality water deflecting means'depending from the roof H, and hence the term water deflecting means" is used in the claims. The opening covered by the screen 62 may be referred to as the outlet opening or a second opening, it being appreciated that the air may pass in either direction.

While it has been indicated that these slant roof louvers are mounted near the peak of the roof, it will be appreciated that where several louvers are used only one need be mounted close to the peak.

Having thus described the invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. A slant roof louver comprising an air duct having exterior water deflecting means, a drip cap disposed beneath said water deflecting means for shedding water received therefrom and a flashing disposed beneath the drip cap and having its lower edge spaced therefrom. whereby the upper edges of shingles inserted between the drip cap and the flashing will be protected from dripping water.

2. A slant roof louver comprising an air duct having exterior water deflecting means, a drip cap disposed beneath said water deflecting means for shedding water received therefrom and having one end extending inwardly of the air duct to form a bafile, and a flashing disposed beneath said drip cap and having its lower edge spaced therefrom, whereby the upper edges of shingles inserted between the drip cap and the flashing will be protected from dripping water.

3. A slant roof louver comprising an air duct having an exterior opening, a metallic strip disposed so as to form the lower wall of said exterior opening, one end of said strip being disposed within the air duct and being turned upwardly then forwardly toward the exterior opening and downwardly to form a bafile for preventing entry of rain, snow or the like through the air duct, the other end of said strip being shaped to form a drip cap, and a flashing disposed beneath said drip cap and spaced therefrom, whereby the upper edges of shingles inserted between the drip cap and the flashing will be protected from dripping water.

4. A slant roof louver comprising oppositely disposed side walls having a generally triangular configuration, a peripheral flashing around said louver, a roof member closing the long sides and portions of one of the other sides of said side walls to form with the peripheral flashing an air duct, and a combination baflle and drip cap member mounted between the oppositely disposed side walls and in engagement with that portion of the peripheral flashing beneath the lowermost portion of the roof member, said combination of bailie and drip cap member at its inner end bein turned upwardly and backwardly toward the, ex terior opening of the air duct so as to form a pocket for catching rain or snow entering the air duct from the outside and at its outer end being offsetfrom said peripheral flashing so as to form a channel in which may be inserted the upper edges of shingles whereby the latter may be protected from dripping water.

5. A slant roof louver comprising a substantially flat frame for engaging a flat roof surface, said frame surrounding an inlet opening, a hood disposed over the inlet opening and over a portion of the flat frame, water deflecting means depending from that portion of the hood which is over the flat frame, said water deflecting means terminating above said flat frame to define with the flat frame and with wall portions of said hood an outlet opening, said outlet opening being distant from the nearest edge of the inlet opening by approximately twice the height of the outlet opening, and a battle co-extensive with the width of said outlet opening disposed on the flat frame adjacent said edge of the inlet opening, said baffle extending upwardly toward the top of the outlet opening in substantially watertight engagement with the side walls of the hood and terminating in an edge having a distance from the outlet opening approximately equal to the height thereof, whereby the baffle and adjoining portions of the hood and flat frame will provide an air pocket of sufficient depth to conflne therein splashing of water caused by driving rain and to prevent re-entrainment of the splash water in an air stream passing over the baffle.

6. A slant roof louver comprising a substantially flat frame for engaging a flat roof surface, said frame surrounding an inlet opening, a hood having a flat roof portion disposed over the inlet opening and over a portion of the flat frame, water deflecting means depending from that portion' .of the hood which is over the portion of the flat frame, said water deflecting means terminating in an edge spaced from the flat frame to define therewith and with wall portions of said hood an outlet opening, said outlet opening being distant from the nearest edge of the inlet opening by approximately twice the height of the outlet opening, and a bafile co-extensive with the width of said outlet opening disposed on the flat frame adjacent said edge of the inlet opening, said baffle extending upwardly at approximately a right angle to the flat frame, and thence forwardly in a plane substantially parallel to the flat roof portion of the hood toward the top of the outlet opening, the sides of said baiiie being in a substantially watertight connection with the side tially flat frame for engaging a flat roof surface,

said frame surrounding an inlet opening, a hood disposed over the inlet opening and over a portion of the flat frame, water deflecting means depending from the hood portion near that end thereof away from the inlet opening, said water deflecting means terminating above said flat frame to define with the flat frame and side walls of said hood a second opening, and a combination drain board and baffle member co-extensive with the width of the sec ond opening comprising a strip of sheet material extending inwardly of the hood through the bottom of the outlet opening closely adjacent to the plane of the flat frame toward the inlet opening to a point distant from the bottom of the outlet opening by a distance substantially greater than the height of the outlet opening, and then upwardly toward the top of the outlet opening to form an air pocket of sufficient size to confine to the air pocket splashes of water caused by driving rain and prevent re-entrainment of the splashed water in an air stream passing over the baffle, said combination drain board and bafiiemember having said flanges joined in watertight relationship to the walls of the hood.

9. A slant roof louver comprising a substantially flat frame for engaging a flat roof surface, said frame surrounding an inlet opening, a hood disposed oyer the inlet opening and over a portion of the flat frame, water deflecting means depending from that part of the hood over the portion of the fiat frame, said water deflecting means terminating above said flat frame in an edge which defines with the flat frame and with wall portions of said hood an outlet opening, and a baflie co-extensive with the width of the outlet opening disposed on the fiat frame between the inlet opening and the outlet opening at a distance from the outlet opening approximately twice the height thereof, said baffle establishing a watertight connection between the side walls of the hood from an edge above the bottom of the water deflecting means to the bottom of the outlet opening, and said baflle being formed of at least two converging flat surfaces, one extending inwardly of the hood from the bottom of the outlet opening and the other extending inwardly of the hood spacedly from the top of the outlet opening and at approximately the same distance from the flat frame as the top of the outlet opening yo termimate in a reduced end portion whereby most driv ing 'rain will be deflected inwardly toward the back of the baffle out of an air stream passing over the baffle whereby re-entrainment of splashed water will be minimized.

10. A slant roof louver comprising a side fiat member having a straight edge, spaced from the upper and lower ends of said flat member and adjacent said edge and upright thereto a side wall having a sloping straight edge extending away from the upper end of the fiat member and disposed at an acute angle with respect to the plane of said side fiat member, a second side fiat member disposed substantially in the plane of the first fiat member and having one edge substantially parallel to the straight edge of the first fiat member, a side wall having a configuration like the first side wall and similarly disposed adjacent the mentioned edge of the second fiat member, upper and lower flat members joining together the two side fiat members at their upper and lower ends so as to provide a substantially flat frame surrounding an inlet opening, a roof member disposed over the two sloping edges to form a hood over the inlet opening, water deflecting means depending from the roof member near that edge thereof away from the inlet opening and having a lower edge spaced from the lower fiat member to define an outlet opening, and a combination drain board and bafile member comprising a fiat strip of metal extending from the bottom of the outlet opening inwardly of the hood toward the inlet opening between the two side walls and adjacent the plane of the side flat members, and then upwardly to a point above the bottom of the water deflecting means. said drain board and baille member being mounted on the side walls of the hood and being in a substantially watertight connection therewith.

11. A slant roof louver comprising a side flat member having a straight edge. spaced from the upper and lower ends of said fiat member and adjacent said edge and upright thereto a side wall having a sloping straight edge extending away from the upper end of the fiat member and disposed at an acute angle with respect to the plane of said side fiat member, a second side flat member disposed substantially in the plane of the first fiat member and having one edge substan tially pa allel to the straight edge of the first flat member. a side wall having a configuration like the first side wall and similarly disposed adjacent the mentioned edge of the second fiat member, upper and lower fiat members joining together the two side fiat members at their upper and lower ends so as to provide a substantially fiat frame surrounding an inlet opening. a roof member d sposed. over the two sloping edges to form a hood o er the inlet opening, water deflecting means depending from the roof members near that erige thereof away from the inlet opening and having a lower edge spaced from the lower fiat member to define an ou let opening, and a comb nat on drain board and bafile member compris ng a list strip of metal extending from the bott m of the outlet opening inwardly of the hood toward the inlet opening between the two side wells and adjacent the plane of the side flat members. and then upwardly to a point above the bottom of the water deflecting means, said drain brawl and bafile member being mounted on the side walls. said. combination drain board and heme member having flanges along its edges in substantially watertight engagement with the side walls for facilitating assembly therewith.

cross REFERENCE 12. A slant roof louver comprising a strip of sheet material cut to the configuration of a rectangle having centrally of one side thereof a side wall extension having one edge making an acute angle with said side of said rectangle, said strip of sheet material being bent at right angles along said side of the rectangle so as to form a side fiat member and upright side wall, a second strip of sheet material cut to the same configuration but oppositely bent and disposed in spaced relationship to the first strip, upper and lower fiat members joining together the upper and lower ends of the side fiat members so as to provide a substantially fiat frame surrounding an inlet opening, a roof member disposed over the two edges of the side walls which make an acute angle with the side fiat members, water deflecting means depending from the roof member near that edge thereof away from the inlet opening and having a lower edge spaced from the lower fiat member to define an outlet opening, and a combination drain board and baffle member comprising a flat strip of material ex tending from the bottom of the outlet opening inwardly of the hood toward the inlet opening and then upwardly to a point above the bottom of the depending water deflecting means, said combination drain board and baflie member being fastened to the side walls of the first named strips of sheet material and being in a substantially watertight connection with said side walls.

13. A slant roof louver comprising a side fiat member having a straight edge, spaced from the upper and lower ends of said fiat member and adjacent said edge and upright thereto a side wall having a sloping straight edge extending away from the upper end of the flat member and disposed at an acute angle with respect to the plane of said side fiat member, a second side fiat member disposed substantially in the plane of the first flat member and having one edge substantially parallel to the straight edge of the first fiat member, a side wall having a configuration like the first side wall and similarly disposed adjacent the mentioned edge of the second fiat member, upper and lower fiat members joining together the two side fiat members at their upper and lower ends so as to provide a substantially fiat frame surrounding an inlet opening, a roof member disposed over the two sloping edges to form a hood over the inlet opening, water deflecting means depending from the roof member near that edge thereof away from the inlet opening and having a lower edge spaced from the lower fiat member to define an outlet opening, and a combination drain board and bafile member comprising a fiat strip of metal extending from the bottom of the outlet opening inwardly of the hood toward the inlet opening to a point approximately twice the height of the outlet opening, and thence back toward the top of the outlet opening to terminate in an edge distant therefrom by approximately the height of the outlet opening, said baflle member being in substantially watertight engagement with the side walls of the hood, whereby there is formed an air pocket having sufiicient depth to confine driving rain thereto and prevent re-entrainment of splashed water in an air stream passing over the battle.

14. A slant roof louver comprising a side fiat member having a straight edge, spaced from the upper and lower ends of said fiat member and adjacent said edge and upright thereto a side wall having a sloping straight edge extending Search Room away from the upper end of the flat member and disposed at an acute angle with respect to the plane of said side flat member, a second side flat member disposed substantially in the plane of the first flat member and having one edge substantially parallel to the straight edge of the first fiat member, a side wall having a configuration like the first side wall and similarly disposed adjacent the mentioned edge of the-second flat and lower ends so as to provide a substantially flat frame surrounding an inlet opening, a roof member disposed over the two sloping edges to form a hood over the inlet opening, water deflecting means depending from the roof member near that edge thereof away from the inlet opening and having a lower edge spaced from the lower flat member to define an outlet opening, and a combination drain board and bame member wardly towardthe opening to terminate in an edge distant from the top of the outlet opening by approximately the height of the outlet opening whereby there is formed formed. v

' FREELAND H. LESLIE. 

